electric vehicle stocks

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Electric vehicle stock; electric vehicle share; electric vehicle share market

electric vehicle stocks

Electric Vehicle Stocks: 

As the demand for electric vehicles (EVs) is increasing, the value of EV manufacturing companies is also increasing with respect to the market value or in other words share price or electric vehicle stocks. People are looking for reputed electric vehicle companies so that they could invest money & get a good return. The Govt of India has the plan to replace conventional vehicles with electric vehicles by 2030 with which the aim is 30% private cars, 70% commercial cars, 40% buses & 80% two & three vehicles. The electric vehicle is the future of the next generations because of its advantages over conventional vehicles / Internal Combustion Engine (ICE) which run on petrol, diesel, gas, etc.  The main advantage of electric vehicles is zero GHG (Green House Gases) emissions (an eco-friendly vehicle).

India is a huge market for electric vehicles because its 5th largest Automotive Industry in the world. Many companies are aggressively working to manufacture electrical vehicles which are not limited to cars only but manufacturing 3 wheelers & two-wheelers also. Many international companies are planning to set up manufacturing units in India.

Investment in the EV market –

Important factors need to consider before investment –

  • Watch out for industry leaders/growth – An investor much checks the company’s growth in the market & competition in the market.
  • Thorough Research – An investor must do a thorough investigation of the company in which he wants to invest. Especially for EVs, It is important to do an analysis of future growth rather than the history of the company.
  • Check the actual status of the company – before investing in the company, we need to check the real status of the company whether the company has been acquired by some other company or investing money in the company.
  • Govt policy – One should check the govt policy about electric vehicles to ensure the supply & demand in the market.

Following are the companies which are already running electric vehicle show in India.

Rachit Chawla, Founder & CEO, of Finway FSC, said “Even while the market is volatile in 2022, the EV stocks have been booming and investments in these can help a real-time investor thrive in profits,”. He also said that with increasing demands for clean mobility and several facilitating government policies encouraging the growth of the EV sector, investing in EV stocks has certainly become hot bait.

Let’s look at the share stocks of EV companies

A) Electric vehicle stocks for Tata Motors –

Tata Motors’ share price is – Rs 536/- approx. & it was Rs 291/- 52 weeks ago.

Tata Group is a leading vehicle manufacturing company in India that manufactures Buses, trucks, cars, etc. Tata Nexon EV is the selling car in India.

(Note- These share prices are subject to change as per market conditions.)

B) Mahindra & Mahindra –

Mahindra & Mahindra’s share price is Rs 1330/- & it was Rs 670/- 52 weeks ago.

M&M’s two models are already in the market in the EV segment for passengers – Tigor Ev & Tiago Ev. Tiago EV has been launched recently. Earlier Mahindra’s two models were very popular emeritus & E2O which hit the market 4 years ago & raised hope for EVs in India.  Mahindra is planning to launch 5 e-SUVs in the next 2-4 years.

(Note- These share prices are subject to change as per market conditions.)

C) Electric vehicle stocks for Ashok Leyland-

Ashok Leyland’s share price is Rs 169/- (approx.) while it was Rs 93/- 52 weeks ago.

This is a Chennai-based company & that has announced an investment of Rs 200 M in electric mobility. Ashok Leyland is also a major player in the automotive industry in India. They have recently launched a double-decker e-bus.

(Note- These share prices are subject to change as per market conditions.)

D) Electric vehicle stocks for Tata Power –

Tata Power’s share price is Rs 298/- (approx.) while it was Rs 129/- 52 weeks ago.

Tata Power is aggressively working on EV charging stations. They have provided approx. 450 charging stations. Tata Power is planning to install charging stations across India.

(Note- These share prices are subject to change as per market conditions.)

E) Exide Batteries –

Exide batteries’ share price is Rs 191/- (approx.) while it was Rs 130/- 52 weeks ago.

Exide Batteries is a leading battery manufacturing company that manufactures various types of storage batteries such as batteries for trucks, inverters, etc. Recently Excide has set up one manufacturing plant for Lithium-ion batteries which is the source of power for electric vehicles.

(Note- These share prices are subject to change as per market conditions.)

F) Reliance Industry –

Reliance Industry is a group of industries that covers oil, chemicals, gas, retail, financial service, etc. Reliance has announced the acquisition of stakes in electric vehicle technology in Altigreen Propulsion Labs Pvt ltd. Altigreen is a Bangaluru-based company that manufactures last-mile connectivity through two/three/four wheelers.

Apart from the above, one should go with the following companies also –

G) TVS motors –

TVS manufactures different types of vehicles which include scooters, motorcycles, three vehicles, etc. TVS is planning to introduce new electric two-wheelers in association with BMW Motor and which will be sold in India.

H) Indian Oil Corporation Ltd (IOCL) –

IOCL is an Indian company that includes Petroleum, petrochemical, Gas, Oil & Gas exploration windmill, and Solar Power generation. IOCL is getting into electric vehicle charging stations. At present, they have set up more than 250 charging stations & approx. 30 battery swapping stations.

Future of electric buses in India

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In order to improve the EV footprint in India, the Centre is looking to replace diesel-run polluting buses with electric buses in the next 2-3 years. MD of state-run company Convergence Energy Services Ltd (CESL which handles the acquisition of EVs for both state & central govt departments) said that procurement of e-Buses will be enhanced 3-4 times. He further said that enhancing 100,000 units (initial target set for procurement) by replacing diesel-driven public transport systems with electric buses would help India to reduce carbon emissions & crude imports.

He also said that there is a challenge regarding the infrastructure of charging stations. This issue will be taken care of by state governments by upgrading the electrical supply system (capacity enhancement of transformers & cables) in their respective area. Approx 1.6 million units of buses ply on Indian roads on daily basis.

Future of electric buses in India

Procurement Started –

Tender for 5600 e-buses (approx.) has been floated (which includes 7m, 9m & 12m e-buses). This is the first tender under the National Electric Bus Programme whose aim is to deploy 50,000 e-buses across India. The bidders have been asked to submit quotes on a gross cost contracting basis wherein bidders will have to submit quote for price per Km for operating services over 12 years as well. This will become standard for India.

About CESL –

Convergence focuses on energy solutions that lie at the confluence of renewable energy, electric mobility, and climate change. It builds upon the decentralized solar development experience in under-served rural communities in India, and over time, using battery energy storage will deliver renewable energy solutions to power agricultural pumps, street lighting, domestic lighting, and cooking appliances in villages. CESL will also work to enable battery-powered electric mobility and its infrastructure and design business models to increase the uptake of electric vehicles in India.

Convergence aims to develop solutions to address those most at risk of climate change and create systems to enable reduction of the carbon footprint at scale.

Hydrogen Vehicles in India

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India is working on many fronts with respect to sustainability (to achieve net zero by 2070) and present govt has speed up the work in some projects such as the enhancement of solar energy by installing Solar panels to generate electricity in large amounts (in MWatt), blending of ethanol in petrol (E10 & E20 petrol), encouraging manufacturing & using of electric vehicles, by making policies (FAME-I & II) which will make people to adopt small capacity rooftop solar system on residential buildings, Govt offices etc.

Apart from this, Govt is working on Hydrogen which can be used for vehicles as a fuel. Union Minister said recently at a function that India will roll out its first Hydrogen-powered train on the next Independence Day. This project will have design, development & manufacturing indigenously. First, let’s understand about hydrogen fuel & how it works.

What is Hydrogen –

Hydrogen (H2) is an element that is in gas form at normal temperature & pressure, but it becomes liquid on very low temperatures (-253 deg, C). It is available on earth in compound form with other substance such as in liquid (petroleum), gas (natural gas) or solids (coal) as these substances are made up with hydrocarbons & available in large quantities. Hydrogen can be produced from different sources like nuclear power, biomass, natural gas etc.

Hydrogen is a very good source of energy carrier & has the highest energy content per unit weight than any other fuel (almost 3 times more than gasoline), also it has lowest energy content than gasoline (almost four times less than gasoline). It has one more advantage that it can be stored, and transported easily and can produce electricity. (Note- gasoline means petroleum).

Hydrogen can be produced commercially through different processes but thermal processing & electrolytic are very common.  In thermal processing, steam reacts with hydrocarbon fuels which in turn produce hydrogen.

Difference between Hydrogen Fuel Cell Vehicle & Electric Vehicle –

Hydrogen vehicles in India are almost similar to electric vehicles wherein both vehicles use electricity to run the motor, but basic difference is that hydrogen fuel cell produce electricity within the vehicle while external electricity source is required for electric vehicle. Like any other fuel tank, hydrogen can also be stored in a pressurized tank of the vehicle. The H2 is used by fuel cell (an important part of the vehicle) to produce electricity to power the motor. H2 vehicle also has an inbuilt battery system which can store electricity produced by H2. It doesn’t produces any fumes / smokes like an electric vehicle. That is why it is considered as a clean/green fuel.

What is Hydrogen Fuel Cell–

H2 fuel cell is an important part that utilizes hydrogen gas into electric power (or works as a power generator) that makes possible the idea of H2 vehicle. In 1950s, NASA (national Aeronautics & Space Administration) used H2 as a rocket fuel with the help of fuel cell technology. The working of Hydrogen can be understood from the diagram given below. This cell works like a battery when hydrogen & oxygen atoms come in contact with each other. This process produces power, water & some heat.

Hydrogen Vehicles in India

Govt’s plan on hydrogen fuel –

Niti Ayog (National Institution for Transforming India) which is “Think Tank” of Govt of India provides directional & policy inputs. It also provides relevant technical information to center & state while designing strategic & long-term policies & programs for Indian Govt.

Niti Ayog has framed some policy with respect to usage of hydrogen in Indian context. Niti Ayog has collaboration with RMI which is nonprofit organization that provides solution for clean energy through market driven solutions. Transport ministry has started working on to use hydrogen as a fuel for vehicle purpose. Recently we have seen that Mr Nitin Gadkari reached Parliament with Hydrogen car Toyota Mirai. Hydrogen car is also known as Fuel Cell Electric Vehicles (FCEV). Govt is also working on Hydrogen Train which is to be launched on next Independence Day.

Conclusion – We can hope that the way present govt is working on all fronts of sustainability, we will reach to net zero target before 2070.

Energy Star Rating in India

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Energy Star rating in India is related to the energy efficiency of an appliance, higher star rating consumes less energy when we compare it with the same capacity of a less star rating appliance. A higher star rating means more energy-efficient appliances. It means companies manufacture appliances with different technologies/designs which gives different energy consumption for the same capacity, but the cost of the appliance also varies – higher rating appliances are costlier than low rating.
The Ministry of Power launched a scheme named Standards & Labels (S&L) in May 2006 under the energy conservation act 2001 which was undertaken by the Bureau of Energy Efficiency (BEE). Therefore, the star label of an appliance is provided by BEE (Bureau of Energy Efficiency). There is a process to get star labels for a product. First of all, the company has to send the equipment to the NABL lab to get the results. The report of the product is shared with BEE for examination. The product is then undergone a testing procedure set by BEE & based on an output of the equipment in terms of energy consumption, star rating (from 1 star to 5 stars) is provided. A star rating, ranging from 1 to 5 in the ascending order of energy efficiency is provided to products registered with the BEE.

Energy Star Rating in India

Presently, the energy star rating is provided to 27 appliances/equipment in which 10 nos are mandatory appliances while 17 nos are voluntary appliances (reference – beeindia.gov.in/content/standards-labeling). Details are given below –

A. MANDATORY APPLIANCES

  •  Room Air Conditioner
  • Frost Free Refrigerator
  • Tubular Fluorescent Lamp
  • Transformer
  • Room Air Conditioners (Cassettes & Floor Standing)
  • Direct Cool Refrigerator
  •  Color TV
  •  Electric Geysers
  • Variable Capacity Inverter Air Conditioner
  • LED lamps

B. Energy Star Rating in India VOLUNTARY APPLIANCES

11) Induction motor (general-purpose industrial motor)
12) Pump sets
13) Ceiling Fan
14) LPG Stoves
15) Washing Machine
16) Computer (Notebook & Laptops)
17) Ballast (Electronic & Magnetic)
18) Office Equipment (Printer, Copier, Scanner, MFD’s)
19) Diesel Engine Driven Mono Set Pumps
20) Solid State Inverter
21) DG Sets
22) Chillers
23) Microwave Oven
24) Solar Water Heater
25) Light Commercial Air Conditioner
26) Deep Freezers
27) General purpose Industrial motor

What is ISEER?

The ISEER stands for Indian Seasonal Energy Efficiency Ratio which BEE uses to calculate star ratings for air conditioners. It allows AC manufacturers to manufacture more efficient ACs for India climate conditions. ISEER is evaluated by SEER of the United States.

E10 & E20 Petrol

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E10 & E20 are basically petrol which is blended with ethanol wherein E10 has 10% blending of ethanol in petrol & 20% ethanol in E20 petrol.

Govt of India has set a target to reduce the consumption of petroleum products in the automobile & energy sectors. Govt want to reduce the import of petroleum products in order to reduce the dependency of fuel from other countries, protect the environment (due to the reduction in fossil fuel consumption) & to save foreign exchange.

The Hon’ble Prime Minister of India has released a “Roadmap for ethanol blending in India 20-25” in June 2021. Initially, Govt had notified a policy named “National Policy on Biofuels” in 2018 & set the target to blend 20% ethanol by 2030, but later on the target date was reduced to 2025-26. Also, an intermediate target to blend 10% ethanol in petrol was set-up for Nov-2022.

But India has achieved intermediate target well before timeline (five months ahead) of Nov,22 with the help of coordinated efforts of Public Sector Oil Marketing companies.  Before, 2014, the ethanol blending was 1.5%.

What is Ethanol? 

Ethanol is also known as Ethyl Alcohol (C2H5OH) or drinking alcohol or grain alcohol.  It is a flammable, colourless & slightly toxic solution. It is sued for various purpose such as fuel, solvents, scents, flavourings etc. Commercially It is produced naturally as a byproduct of sugar manufacturing process. It is produced during the fermentation of sugars by yeasts or petrochemical processes like Ethelene hydration. But, these days ethanol can be produced from other sources also like food grains like bazra, maize, fruit & vegetable waste which helps farmers to earn extra income.

The cost of ethanol is very less as compared to petrol as it is a byproduct & plant-based source. Because of its fuel property, it can be made vehicle compliant & when it is mixed with petrol, it becomes ethanol blended petrol.

Advantage of Ethanol ( E10 & E20 Petrol)-

It is a biofuel which is echo-friendly, cheaper as compared with petrol and produces fewer carbon emissions that is why it is to be used with petrol to promote renewable & echo-friendly fuel to reduce the petroleum requirement of India.

 

What is EBP – 

The full form of EBP is Ethanol Blending Programme & the aim of this program is to reduce the requirement of crude oil in terms of import, reduce carbon emissions & increase farmers’ earnings.

Effect of Ethanol on vehicle engine –E10 & E20 Petrol 

Ethanol in India is being used since 2003. Because of its fuel property, it is blended with petrol.

Initially, 5% ethanol was blended

by few states but after recognition from the Bureau of Indian Standards in 2006, some more states started using it. Govt came with a programme of ethanol blending in 2018 & all petroleum companies were allowed to blend ethanol with petrol as per policy.

Ethanol has a higher combustion rate than petrol & it contains less energy, therefore it may impact fuel efficiency. A 5% blend (E5) may not affect the engines, but more % of ethanol could be a problem. The increased amount of ethanol may damage some components such as rubber, plastic and aluminium. Also, it may affect the life cycle of some components like fuel pipes, injectors & hoses.

Ethanol with 10% (E10) in petrol could be managed by the engines but for 20% (E20), the car manufacturers will have to make changes in their engines & components. Therefore, Govt have asked car manufacturers to modify engines accordingly.

Reasons for failure of batteries in EV

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Reasons for failure of batteries in EV as per Committee set up by Indian Govt.

On increasing numbers of fire incidents in batteries of two wheelers, the Union Road Transport & Highways Ministry led by Nitin Gadkari informed through a tweet in April,22 that an expert committee/panel has been formed to inquire into these incidents. He also said that “if any company found negligent in their processes, a heavy penalty will be imposed, and a recall order will also be ordered.”a

The center for Fire Explosive & Environment Safety was appointed to investigate the fire incidents in batteries of two wheelers.

Now, this expert committee has completed its investigation & come out with following observations (which was available in newspaper on 29th June, 22)–

  • These batteries even have no ‘basic safety systems’.
  • There was no ‘venting mechanism’ for overheated cells to release energy.
  • The ‘battery management system’ was seriously deficientReasons of failure of batteries in EV

The panel has pointed out that many electric 2 wheelers came with ‘minimum functionality’ only and ‘shortcuts’ were taken in safety during manufacturing of batteries. Final report on this matter will be submitted by the committee/panel within one week time but recommendation has already been shared with EV manufacturers for corrective actions.

Upon investigation of the matter, committee observed that batteries cells have failed certain tests, in some cases venting mechanism not provided which helps in releasing pressure/energy that further helps cells preventing from bursting, cells are catching fires & bursting. In other words, we can say that cells are of poor quality.

Committee also pointed out that 2- wheelers are coming with very basic Battery Management System (BMS). Actually, a particular cell when it gets overheated must be identified & cut off by BMS, but such important feature is not found in this system. An updated BMS system should monitor & regulate current supply of the battery to prevent it from overcharging & overheating.

Govt is very tough with EV manufacturers. They shared committee’s recommendation with EV companies & asked them that why they should not be prosecuted legally for not ensuring safety in the vehicle. Battery of an EV must adhere safety guidelines set by ARAI (Automotive Research Association of India). These safety measures are being ignored by the companies due to increase in production of 2 wheelers to meet the demand of vehicles in the market.

FAME I & II Scheme in India

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FAME I & II Scheme in India

FAME stands for Faster Adoption of Manufacturing of Electric & Hybrid Vehicles in India.

FAME scheme was launched by Indian Govt on 1st April, 2015 to promote electric vehicles in India with an objective of sustainable growth by reducing the pollution produced by diesel & petrol vehicles.

This scheme was launched by the Ministry of Heavy Industries & Public Enterprises. It has two phases FAME I & FAME II.

 

FAME I :

This is first phase of the scheme which was functional for four years from 1st April, 2015 to 31st March, 2019 with following objectives –

  • Demand creation for electric vehicles,
  • Technology platform required to promote/support electric vehicle manufacturing
  • Setting up of Pilot projects &
  • Develop charging infrastructure

Its an incentive scheme to encourage fast adoption of electric & hybrid vehicles in all segments such as 2 wheelers, 3 wheelers, 4 wheelers light commercial vehicles & buses. Under this scheme, Ministry allocated yearly fund where about 2.78 lakh xEVs were supported with a total demand incentives of Rs. 343 Crore [Approx]. Also, 465 buses were sanctioned to various cities/states under this scheme.

 

FAME II –

The Department of Heavy Industry notified phase-II of FAME scheme on 8th March, 2019 after success/experience of phase I scheme for next three years starting from 1st April, 2019 to 31st March, 2022. (Complete detail is available on department’s website www.dhi.nic.in). Now this scheme has been further extended for next two years i. e. up to 31st March, 24.

Govt has allocated Rs 10,000 Cr in ph-II scheme. Following actions are to be taken in this phase –

  • 86% of the fund has been allocated for demand incentive so as to create demand for EVs in the country.
  • This scheme will be utilized in following verticals –
  1. Demand incentives,
  2. Establishment of network of charging stations
  3. Administration of scheme including Publicity, IEC (Information, Education & communication) activities.
  • The efforts of central govt to promote e-mobility need supplemental support from state govt in the form of non-fiscal incentive which includes waiver/concessional road tax, exemption from permit, waiver/concessional toll tax, waiver/concessional parking fee, concessional registration charges.

 

A brief detail of scheme is given below –

  1. Demand Incentives:

     

The proposed demand incentive is given Rs 10,000/- per KWh (of battery capacity) for all electric vehicles except buses. Incentive for buses is Rs 20,000/- per KWh (of battery capacity). Complete details of vehicles eligible for incentive are given below –

 

Max No. of Vehicle               Approx. size of           Total Approx.         Max Ex-factory price

to be supported                   battery in Kwh              Incentive               to avail incentive 

  1. Registered -e 2 Wheelers:

            10,00,000                           2 Kwh                        Rs 20,000/-                Rs. 1.5 Lacs

 

  1. Registered – e 3 Wheelers (including eRikshaw):

5,00,000                           5 Kwh                        Rs 50,000/-                Rs. 5 Lacs

 

  1. e -4 Wheelers:

35,000                           15 Kwh                       Rs 1,50,000/-            Rs. 15 Lacs

 

  1. 4 W Strong Hybrid Vehicle:

20,000                           1.3 Kwh                       Rs 13,000/-               Rs. 15 Lacs

 

  1. E-Bus:
  •    7090                                250 Kwh                       Rs 50,00,000/-          15 Lacs 

  1. Establishment of network of charging stations: 

  • This scheme will support in setting up of sufficient charging stations with help of all stakeholders such as Govt agencies, PSE (Public Sector Enterprises) & Industries to boost confidence amongst EV users.
  • These charging infrastructures/stations will be established as per Ministry of Power notifications named ““Charging Infrastructure for Electrical Vehicles – Guidelines and Standards”. Notification no is 12/02/2018-EV dated 14th Dec, 2018.
  • It is also proposed to provide one slow charger for each e-bus & 1 fast charger every 10 electric buses to funded under this scheme for charging purpose.

 

  1. Administration of scheme: 

  • Knowledge partners/technical expertise & other logistic support shall be provided for smooth operation and implementation of the scheme.
  • An awareness program which includes Information, Education & communication (IEC) shall be undertaken by Department of Heavy Industry etc through business meets/seminars etc.
  • Projects sanctioned under FAME I shall continue as per terms & conditions issued time to time.
  • The responsibility of implementation of this scheme will be with Department of Heavy Industry.

Reasons of failure of batteries in EV as per Committee set up by Govt

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Reasons of failure of batteries in EV

On increasing numbers of fire incidents in batteries of two wheelers, the Union Road Transport & Highways Ministry led by Nitin Gadkari informed through a tweet in April,22 that an expert committee/panel has been formed to inquire into these incidents. He also said that “if any company found negligent in their processes, a heavy penalty will be imposed, and a recall order will also be ordered.”

The center for Fire Explosive & Environment Safety was appointed to investigate the fire incidents in batteries of two wheelers.

Now, this expert committee has completed its investigation & come out with following observations (which was available in newspaper on 29th June, 22)–

  • These batteries even have no ‘basic safety systems’.
  • There was no ‘venting mechanism’ for overheated cells to release energy.
  • The ‘battery management system’ was seriously deficient.

The panel has pointed out that many electric 2 wheelers came with ‘minimum functionality’ only and ‘shortcuts’ were taken in safety during manufacturing of batteries. Final report on this matter will be submitted by the committee/panel within one week time but recommendation has already been shared with EV manufacturers for corrective actions.

Upon investigation of the matter, committee observed that batteries cells have failed certain tests, in some cases venting mechanism is not provided which helps in releasing pressure/energy that further helps cells preventing from bursting, catching fires & bursting. In other words, we can say that cells are of poor quality.

Committee also pointed out that 2- wheelers are coming with very basic Battery Management System (BMS).

Actually, a particular cell when it gets overheated must be identified & cut off by BMS, but such important feature is not found in this system. An updated BMS system should monitor & regulate current supply of the battery to prevent it from overcharging & overheating.

Govt is very tough with EV manufacturers. They shared committee’s recommendation with EV companies & asked them that why they should not be prosecuted legally for not ensuring safety in the vehicle. Battery of an EV must adhere safety guidelines set by ARAI (Automotive Research Association of India). These safety measures are being ignored by the companies due to increase in production of 2 wheelers to meet the demand of vehicles in the market.

Difference between EVs & Hybrid Vehicles?

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Difference between EVs & Hybrid Vehicles

Electric Vehicle Vs Hybrid Vehicle-

Electric Vehicle:

An electric car operates from electrical supply which is fed from batteries installed in the EV. These batteries are of higher capacity & there is no Internal Combustion Engine inside it.

Conventional Vehicle:

On the other hand, a conventional car operates from gasoline/petrol or diesel with the help of Internal Combustion Engine (ICE). The ICE cars have small auxiliary battery which provides supply to accessories of vehicles like lights etc.

Hybrid Vehicle:

Now a hybrid vehicle /car utilize power from both source- ICE & batteries where battery plays additional role of assisting cars in idle start – stop, enhance the torque when required at the time of starting from idle or going uphill. This battery is rechargeable type that recharge itself with regenerative braking. Since battery plays additional role (as mentioned above) in hybrid car, the car becomes fuel efficient & generate less emission as compared to normal fuel car.

Working of Hybrid vehicle

It consists of following main parts –

  1. An auxiliary battery
  2. A traction battery pack
  3. Electric traction motor
  4. Electric generator
  5. Fuel tank
  6. Internal combustion engine

The function of auxiliary battery is to supply power to start the car before traction battery starts its work. It also supplies power to car accessories.

The function of traction battery pack is to store the power which is transferred by the electric generator. Traction battery pack is a rechargeable battery. The electric generator produces electricity during braking of rotating wheels. The function of traction motor is to take power from battery pack & drive the wheels. Initial vehicle movement (from standstill) is done by electric traction motor, after taking some speed internal combustion process takes over the operation of the vehicle.

The function of fuel tank is to store the fuel (gasoline which is petrol/diesel) & is used when it is needed. The function of engine starts when fuel is injected in the engine chamber where it is mixed with air. The mixture of air & fuel is ignited by the spark of spark plug.

The combination of electric system & internal combustion engine makes Hybrid car more fuel economy & ecofriendly than conventional diesel/petrol cars.

What is regenerative braking system 

A hybrid car doesn’t need direct electric charging like an electric vehicle. Rather hybrid batteries are charged through rotating wheels during braking or in other words we can say that when driver applies brake, the motor acts as a generator & it recharges the battery. This process is called regenerative braking system. Smooth switching between two powers electric & gas makes hybrid vehicle efficient

Types of  hybrid vehicles /cars are available in India –

  • Honda City
  • MG Hector
  • Toyota Vellfire
  • Toyota Camry
  • Volvo XC90
  • Volvo XC60
  • BMW 7 Series
  • Lexus ES
  • Lexus RX
  • Lexus NX
  • Lexus LC
  • Porsche Cayenne
  • Porsche Cayenne Coupe
  • Maserati Ghibli

Micro & Mild Hybrid cars are also called semi hybrid. Maruti Suzuki cars use SHVS (Smart Hybrid Technology by Suzuki) technology. Ciaz was the first semi-hybrid vehicle introduced by Maruti Suzuki.  While Mahindra cars use Intelli-Hybrid technology first introduced in Scorpio model.

What is mild hybrid? –

Mild hybrids are the simplest form of hybrid system used in the vehicles. The electric motor installed in the vehicle provides power during hard acceleration. Such vehicles use regenerative energy produced from brakes to charge the batteries which supports the engine. As heavy batteries don’t use in mild hybrid system, such vehicles don’t add additional load on them.

Mild hybrid vehicles are much cheaper than full hybrid vehicle. Maintenance of mild hybrid vehicles is also cheaper.

What is micro-hybrid? –

Micro-Hybrid is also known as Idle -Stop system which shuts off a vehicle when it is idle for a long period and again automatically switched on when clutch /accelerator is used. Generally, micro hybrid system restarts everything when vehicle starts again automatically.

 

Number plates for Electric Vehicles in India

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Number plates for Electric Vehicles in India

 

Do you know what type of number pate is used for electric vehicles in India? Any idea?

Let me tell you what kind of number plate is used for electric vehicles in India. As per guidelines issued for electric vehicle by the Ministry of Road & Transport of India – Green background   shall be used. (Ref- https://morth.nic.in>green-initiatives).

Complete detail is given below –

For personal/private electric vehicles – Green background with white numbers

For commercial electric vehicles –  Green background with yellow numbers

Note-

First two letters (XX) denote – State where vehicle is registered

Next two numbers (99) denote – District where vehicle is registered

Next six letters + numbers (YY9999) – Unique alpha-numeric combination code